onemap_prod.SDEADMIN.LC96

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Frequently-anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title: onemap_prod.SDEADMIN.LC96
Abstract:
The North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, in cooperation with the NC Department of Transportation and United States Environmental Protection Agency Region IV Wetlands Division, contracted Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat) of Rockville, Maryland to generate comprehensive land cover data for the entire state of North Carolina. EarthSat was awarded the base/municipal area deduct contract in response to request for proposal (RFP) number 503768, issued 12 July 1995.
Supplemental_Information:
Twenty-two TM scenes were acquired from EOSAT Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and used by EarthSat to produce land cover classification. See full documentation for this data layer in report, "Comprehensive Land Cover Mapping for the State of North Carolina: Final Report," March 1997, Rockville, Maryland: Earth Satellite Corporation.
Revisions and updates to this layer include: 1.) Revision date: June 12, 1998 - Removal of a pixel-wide sliver of no data between the Laurinburg and Elizabethtown 100k sheets. The error first occurred during the clipping process of the statewide landcover arc/info grid with the two 100k neatline boundaries. The problem was rectified by clipping the adjoining two 100k's as one grid, vectorizing that grid, and then clipping by each 100k neatline.
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat), 19980612, onemap_prod.SDEADMIN.LC96: EarthSat, Raleigh, North Carolina.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: NCCGIA distributes this dataset

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -84.435979
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.403142
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.627828
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.721863

  3. What does it look like?

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Calendar_Date: REQUIRED: The year (and optionally month, or month and day) for which the data set corresponds to the ground.
    Currentness_Reference:
    Land cover database reflects conditions at imagery dates and field data collection activities through 31 June 1996.

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Method: None
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • G-polygon (2808694)

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: State Plane Coordinate System 1983
      State_Plane_Coordinate_System:
      SPCS_Zone_Identifier: 3200
      Lambert_Conformal_Conic:
      Standard_Parallel: 34.333333
      Standard_Parallel: 36.166667
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -79.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 33.750000
      False_Easting: 609601.220000
      False_Northing: 0.000000

      Planar coordinates are encoded using coordinate pair
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.001000
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 0.001000
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters

      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Resolution: 1.000000
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    onemap_prod.SDEADMIN.LC96
    Statewide land cover classification based on human uses of land, vegetation, water, natural surface, and construction. (Source: Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat))

    ID

    GRIDCODE

    SHAPE
    Feature geometry. (Source: ESRI)

    Coordinates defining the features.

    OBJECTID
    Internal feature number. (Source: ESRI)

    Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

    SHAPE.area

    SHAPE.len

    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The dataset depicts land cover found across North Carolina and within 1-kilometer of the state's borders. The polygon attribute table (.pat) contains descriptive data, including AREA (square meters), PERIMETER (linear meters), LC96# (polygon internal identification number), LC96-ID (polygon user identification number), TH_CLASS# (thematic class number), LC_CLASS# (classification number), and DESCRIPTION (landcover description). The attribute table is represented as follows:
    LC96.PAT Polygon Attribute Table
    
    ITEM NAME    WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  DESCRIPTION
    AREA           4    12     F      3    Total area in meters
    PERIMETER      4    12     F      3    Total area in meters
    COV#           4     5     B      -    Polygon internal id number
    COV-ID         4     5     B      -    Polygon user id number
    TH_CLASS#      2     2     I      -    Thematic class number
    LC_CLASS#      4     4     I      -    Landcover class number
    DESCRIPTION   40    40     C      -    Landcover description
    
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    "Comprehensive Land Cover Mapping for the State of North Carolina: Final Report," March 1997, Earth Satellite Corporation.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    "Comprehensive Land Cover Mapping for the State of North Carolina: Detailed Study Design," February 1996, Earth Satellite Corporation.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    "Land Cover Classification System," November 1996, NCCGIA. (Also available as Appendix A in "Comprehensive Land Cover Mapping for the State of North Carolina: Final Report," March 1997, Earth Satellite Corporation.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    "A Standard Classification System for the Mapping of Land Use and Land Cover," January 1994, NCCGIA.


Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

    NCCGIA Director, Karen Siderelis Database Administrator, Zsolt Nagy NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis 301 N. Wilmington St., Suite 700 Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2825
    EarthSat Vice President of Environmental and GIS Services, Dr. Greg T. Koeln Project Manager, Todd C. Patterson Assistant Project Manager, Todd F. Helt Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat) 6011 Executive Boulevard, Suite 400 Rockville, Maryland 20852

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
    c/o Zsolt Nagy
    Database Administrator
    301 N. Wilmington St., Suite 700
    Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2825
    U.S.A.

    919-733-2090 (voice)
    919-715-0725 (FAX)
    dataq@ncmail.net

    Hours_of_Service: M-F 8 to 5
    Contact_Instructions: Phone or email preferred


Why was the data set created?

These data were created to assist governmental agencies and others in making resource management decisions through the use of a geographic information system (GIS).


How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

    TM (source 1 of 14)
    Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat), 199703, Comprehensive Land Cover Mapping for the State of North Carolina: EarthSat, Rockville, Maryland.

    Other_Citation_Details: NCCGIA distributes this data set
    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape
    Source_Contribution:
    Raw satellite image data - Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), and ancillary data points, aerial photograph interpretation.

    TM (source 2 of 14)
    Mapper, EOSAT/Landsat Thematic (TM), 1996, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data: EOSAT, Lanham, Maryland.

    Other_Citation_Details: NCCGIA distributes this dataset
    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape
    Source_Contribution: Raw satellite image data - Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)

    TP, JM, DH (source 3 of 14)
    Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat), 199607, Comprehensive Land Cover Mapping for the State of North Carolina Field Data Points: EarthSat, Rockville, Maryland.

    Other_Citation_Details: NCCGIA distributes this dataset
    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape
    Source_Contribution: Field verification points

    SAA (source 4 of 14)
    Resources, Pacific Meridian , 1995, Southern Appalachian Assessment classification: Pacific Meridian Resources, Portland, Oregon.

    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape
    Source_Contribution: Raw satellite image data

    UNCG (source 5 of 14)
    University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1995, Field data collection: NCCGIA, Raleigh, NC.

    Other_Citation_Details: NCCGIA distributed this dataset
    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape, USGS 7.5' quad map
    Source_Contribution: Digital point data

    NHP, NHP_NEW, CL (source 6 of 14)
    Program, Natural Heritage , 1996, Ancillary data collection: EarthSat, Rockville, Maryland.

    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape, 3.5" diskette, hardcopy image map
    Source_Contribution:
    Raw satellite image map markings entered into point database, projected points from digitally-provided database.

    PK (source 7 of 14)
    Division of Parks and Recreation, 1996, Ancillary and field data collection: EarthSat, Rockville, Maryland.

    Type_of_Source_Media: hardcopy image map
    Source_Contribution: Raw satellite image map markings

    FIA (source 8 of 14)
    Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, unknown, The Eastwide Forest Inventory Database: Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina.

    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape
    Source_Contribution: Ancillary data points from digital dataset

    NWI (source 9 of 14)
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 19951204, NWI Digital Data, Complete Set: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C..

    Other_Citation_Details: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service distributes this dataset
    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape
    Source_Contribution: Ancillary data points from digital dataset

    DS (source 10 of 14)
    Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, 1989, SPOT classification: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Suffolk, Virginia.

    Type_of_Source_Media: 3.5' diskette
    Source_Contribution: Ancillary data points from digital dataset

    none (source 11 of 14)
    XVIII Airborne Corps and Fort B, Engineering Systems Division, unknown, Digital and analog forest inventory data: XVIII Airborne Corps and Fort Bragg Directorate of Public Works and Environment, Engineering Systems Division, Fayetteville, North Carolina.

    Type_of_Source_Media: 8-mm digital tape, hardcopy maps
    Source_Contribution: Classification confirmation with maps

    None (source 12 of 14)
    U.S. Geological Survey, unknown, USGS 7.5' Topographic Quadrangle Maps: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

    Other_Citation_Details: Published map series
    Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000
    Source_Contribution:
    Assistance with location during field data collection; identification of areas for ancillary data collection.

    DOT (source 13 of 14)
    Transportation, Department of , unknown, Aerial photograph interpretation: Department of Transportation, Raleigh, North Carolina.

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Department of Transportation maintains and distributes these data
    Type_of_Source_Media: Aerial photographs
    Source_Contribution: Confirmation of classification; collection of ancillary data

    None (source 14 of 14)
    Survey, US Geological , 1986, USGS 30'x60' series quadrangles: US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.

    Other_Citation_Details: Published map series
    Type_of_Source_Media: Paper
    Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000
    Source_Contribution:
    Quadrangle neatline boundaries were used to clip the landcover vector data

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: Feb-1996 to 199702 (process 1 of 4)
    Land cover database derived from two co-registered multi spectral Landsat 5 TM pairs, leaf-off and leaf-on, and classified using field and ancillary data. Six bands (1-5 and 7) were stacked to produce a single 12-band raster image (bands 1-6 leaf-off). The Erdas Imagine ISODATA algorithm was applied to the 12-band image to generate 240 spectral class signatures. The Imagine maximum likelihood classifier was then applied using the resulting signatures to assign information (land cover) classes to the spectral classes. Arc/INFO Grid 7.0.4 dendrogram function was used to produce a paper spectral tree showing the euclidian relationship of spectral classes; land cover classes based on field data collection activities and available ancillary data (both of which not reserved for final accuracy appraisal, 40% of each class for each scene) falling at each spectral class were recorded and information class assigned based on majority and/or spectral relationship. Raster editing was interactively performed to correct for spectral confusion and misclassification.
    A change order was delivered to EarthSat in April 1996 to accelerate classification for the Neuse-Tar/Pamlico watershed. This dataset was incorporated into the final statewide land cover but because of enhancement to processing techniques and correction of some errors a separate, enhanced statewide database was also provided (that did not have the earlier provided Neuse- Tar/Pamlico watershed land cover classification database).
    Each scene underwent accuracy appraisal before being accepted for use in the final statewide database. Once accepted, scenes were filtered to reach the minimum mapping unit (MMU) of 6 pixels for water and 12 pixels for all other classes. Imagine clump and eliminate routines were used to reduce insignificant data and filter information class assignment.
    A hierarchy of scenes was determined based on obstructed areas, scene dates, and classification results. Additional raster editing was performed to enhance data quality and interactively correct any remaining inconsistencies or spectrally confused areas. The municipal vector was rasterized and mosaicked with the final scenes and recoded to land cover class 10 (thematic class 24).

    Person who carried out this activity:

    Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat)
    c/o Dr. Gregory T. Koeln
    Environmental and GIS Services Group
    6011 Executive Boulevard, Suite 400
    Rockville, Maryland 20852-3801
    U.S.A.

    (301) 231-0660 (voice)
    (301) 231-5020 (FAX)
    userid@earthsat.com

    Hours_of_Service: 8:00 am to 5:30 pm Eastern time
    Contact_Instructions: Prefer primary contact through NCCGIA
    Data sources used in this process:
    • All data identified previously

    Data sources produced in this process:

    • "Comprehensive Land Cover Mapping for the State of North Carolina: Final Report," March 1997, Rockville, Maryland: Earth Satellite Corporation. Provides detailed descriptions of field and ancillary data collection activities, classification procedures, and procedures attempted to resolve spectral confusion.

    Date: 16-Feb-1998 (process 2 of 4)
    NCCGIA received one statewide ERDAS Imagine (.img) file on 8mm tape. The statewide raster data was converted into an ESRI Arc/Info grid format, using the Arc/Info command "imagegrid." The grid file was then clipped by USGS 1:100,000 scale neatlines for every mapsheet in the state using the "gridclip" command in Arc/Info's Grid module. Each gridded quadrangle based file was then vectorized by using the Grid module's "gridpoly" command. The resulting item in the polygon attribute table (.pat), "grid-code", was then used as a join item to add thematic class, landcover class, and description to the .pat. Process begain 19980212.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    North Carolina Center for Geographic Information & Analysis
    c/o David Giordano
    GIS Analyst
    Street - 301 N. Wilmington St.
    Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2825
    U.S.A.

    (919) 733-2090 (voice)
    (919) 715-0725 (FAX)
    dataq@ncmail.net

    Hours_of_Service: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm Eastern time
    Contact_Instructions: Phone and electronic mail preferred
    (process 3 of 4)
    Metadata imported.

    Data sources used in this process:

    • C:\DOCUME~1\david\LOCALS~1\Temp\1\xml6A.tmp

    (process 4 of 4)
    Dataset copied.

    Data sources used in this process:

    • Server=cgiatdb; Service=5151; Database=onemap_test; User=sdeadmin; Version=sde.DEFAULT

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    Raster pixels were assigned information (land cover) classes by undergoing an unsupervised classification in Erdas Imagine 8.2. The resultant single-band image signature file was exported and formatted to use with Arc/INFO Grid's dendrogram function. A summary function in Erdas Imagine 8.2 corresponded land cover class with pixel value at which the land cover data point was located. The land cover class was recorded on the dendrogram until all data points were assigned a spectral class. Information class was assigned to spectral class by majority of points within the spectral class and/or by spectral similarity. Full process description can be found in EarthSat's final report to NCCGIA, "Comprehensive Land Cover Mapping for the State of North Carolina: Final Report," March 1997.
    After processing each scene was raster edited to alleviate errors and provide for a consistent land cover surface. After an initial accuracy appraisal the scene was filtered to reach the minimum mapping unit (MMU) of 6 pixels for water and 12 pixels for other land cover types.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    Analysis of inter- and intra-scene co-registration suggested all scenes were accurate to within one pixel (28.5 meters).

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

    N/A

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    These data represent areas within a 1-kilometer buffer of the state's borders, showing human uses of the land, vegetation, water, natural surface, and construction.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    Using ESRI's Arc/INFO and ArcView software, and Trimble Navigation's Direct GPS for ArcView and PathFinder 3.0, data points were attributed with land cover class and rasterized for use in the classification procedure. Pseudo-color single- band images (4,5,3 RGB) were created in an unsupervised classification and information classes assigned based on majority of field data points within the spectral class and/or euclidian relationship of the means of each spectral class.


How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Acknowledgment of products derived from this data set should cite the following: The source of the Land Cover - TM data is the North Carolina Corporate Geographic Database. Earlier versions of these data may exist. The user must be sure to use the appropriate data set for the time period of interest. While efforts have been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the state of the art, CGIA (and its cooperators and contractor EarthSat) cannot assume liability for any damages or misrepresentation caused by any inaccuracies in the data or as a result of changes to the data caused by system transfer.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
    Production Services
    301 North Wilmington Street, Suite 700
    Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2825
    USA

    (919) 733-2090 (voice)
    (919) 715-0725 (FAX)
    dataq@ncmail.net

    Hours_of_Service: 8:30AM - 5:30PM
    Contact_Instructions:
    Phone and electronic mail preferred For current price information use a web browser: COST INFORMATION - <http://cgia.cgia.state.nc.us/cost.html>
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    Statewide Land Cover - 1996

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    NCCGIA is charged with the development and maintenance of the State's corporate geographic database and, in cooperation with other mapping organizations, is committed to offering its users accurate, useful, and current information about the state. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of information, errors and conditions originating from physical sources used to develop the corporate database may be reflected in the data supplied. The client must be aware of data conditions and bear responsibility for the appropriate use of the information with respect to possible errors, original map scale, collection methodology, currency of data, and other conditions specific to certain data. NCCGIA does not support secondary distribution of this data. The use of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the NCCGIA or North Carolina State Government.

  4. How can I download or order the data?

  5. Is there some other way to get the data?

    Data creation and large data analysis jobs contact Database Administration P:(919)733-2090. All data is available through standard ordering procedures on a cost recovery basis.

  6. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?

    All formats supplied are created using ARC/INFO GIS software on Unix workstations. Other formats are available. Format compatibility is the user's responsibility. For more information on formats and media, use a web browser: FORMAT/MEDIA INFORMATION - <http://cgia.cgia.state.nc.us/cost.html>


Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 02-Oct-2006
Metadata author:
North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
c/o REQUIRED: The person responsible for the metadata information.
Database Management
301 North Wilmington Street, Suite 700
Raleigh, North Carolina 27601-2825
USA

(919) 733-2090 (voice)
(919) 715-0725 (FAX)
dataq@ncmail.net

Hours_of_Service: 8:30AM - 5:30PM
Contact_Instructions: Phone and electronic mail preferred
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:


Generated by mp version 2.9.5 on Wed Aug 27 10:30:47 2008